The Shamrock: History, Symbolism, and Cultural Significance

The shamrock is one of Ireland’s most enduring symbols, steeped in history and tradition. From its association with St. Patrick to its use in modern culture, the shamrock remains a potent emblem of Irish identity and heritage.

This comprehensive guide will explore its history, cultural meaning, and commonly asked questions about this fascinating plant.


The History of the Shamrock

The word “shamrock” comes from the Irish word seamróg, meaning “young clover.” While there’s no definitive botanical classification for the shamrock, it’s widely believed to be a species of clover, most often Trifolium dubium (lesser clover) or Trifolium repens (white clover).

St. Patrick and the Shamrock

The shamrock’s association with Ireland dates back to the 5th century when St. Patrick, Ireland’s patron saint, reportedly used the plant to explain the Christian concept of the Holy Trinity. The three leaves symbolized the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, united as one.

Over time, the shamrock became an emblem of Ireland, symbolizing faith, Irish heritage, and national pride. Learn more about Ireland’s rich traditions and history on Secret Ireland.

The Shamrock in Irish History

During the 18th century, the shamrock gained additional significance during Ireland’s struggle for independence. It was used as a symbol of resistance and rebellion by groups like the United Irishmen. Today, it remains a cherished icon, often worn on St. Patrick’s Day or displayed in Irish cultural celebrations worldwide.


Cultural Meanings of the Shamrock

Symbol of Luck and Prosperity

Globally, the shamrock is recognized as a symbol of luck. While often conflated with the four-leaf clover, the traditional shamrock has three leaves. Its association with luck likely stems from its rarity and connection to Irish folklore.

Representation of Irish Identity

The shamrock has transcended religious symbolism to become an emblem of Irish culture. It appears in everything from corporate logos to the uniforms of Ireland’s national sports teams, symbolizing unity and pride.

The Green Connection

The shamrock’s vibrant green color also ties it to Ireland, often called the “Emerald Isle.” Its greenness represents Ireland’s lush landscapes and has contributed to its association with the color in St. Patrick’s Day celebrations.


FAQ About Shamrocks

Is a Shamrock the Same as a Clover?

Yes and no. The shamrock is a type of clover, but not all clovers are considered shamrocks. The shamrock is traditionally believed to be a species of clover with three leaves, such as Trifolium dubium or Trifolium repens. The four-leaf clover, often associated with luck, is a rare variant of clover but is not considered a shamrock in Irish tradition.

What Does the ☘ Symbol Mean?

The ☘ emoji represents the shamrock and is commonly used to signify Irish culture, St. Patrick’s Day, and good fortune. Its simplicity conveys the charm and significance of the plant as a global symbol of Ireland.

Does Shamrock Only Grow in Ireland?

No, shamrock species grow in many parts of the world. However, their cultural and historical significance is uniquely tied to Ireland. The country’s climate provides ideal conditions for clover species to thrive, which further entrenches the shamrock in Irish identity.

What Do the 3 Leaves on the Shamrock Mean?

Traditionally, the three leaves of the shamrock symbolize:

  1. Faith
  2. Hope
  3. Love

In Christian tradition, they also represent the Holy Trinity. This dual symbolism makes the shamrock a versatile emblem, blending spiritual and cultural meanings.


Shamrocks in Modern Culture

St. Patrick’s Day

Wearing shamrocks on St. Patrick’s Day is a centuries-old tradition. It’s believed to bring good fortune and honor Irish heritage. Shamrock imagery can be found in decorations, parades, and celebrations worldwide.

Irish Brands and Logos

Many Irish companies incorporate the shamrock into their branding, such as Aer Lingus, which features it prominently on their aircraft tails. It’s also a common motif in tourism, emphasizing Ireland’s charm and cultural richness.


Where to Learn More About Irish Culture

To truly appreciate the shamrock, delve into Ireland’s rich history, mythology, and traditions. Secret Ireland offers an in-depth look into Ireland’s cultural treasures, including its myths and symbols. For immigration stories and more, visit their Irish Immigration Category.


The Shamrock

The shamrock is more than just a plant; it’s a powerful symbol of Irish heritage, unity, and faith. From its religious roots to its modern-day use as an emblem of national pride, the shamrock continues to inspire and connect people around the world with Ireland’s rich history and culture.

Whether you’re celebrating St. Patrick’s Day or exploring your Irish ancestry, the shamrock is a reminder of the enduring legacy of Ireland. Embrace its symbolism and let it guide you in celebrating all things Irish!

Fascinating Folklore Around the Shamrock

Irish folklore has long intertwined with the humble shamrock, granting it an almost magical aura. Stories passed down through generations reveal its role as both a protective charm and a beacon of luck.

The Shamrock as a Protective Charm

In ancient Ireland, the shamrock was thought to ward off evil spirits. Druids, the spiritual leaders of Celtic society, revered the plant, believing its trifoliate structure to represent the threefold nature of life—birth, life, and death. They would carry shamrocks as amulets for protection.

Connection to Nature and Fertility

The shamrock’s perennial green color also made it a symbol of fertility and renewal. As a plant that flourishes even in less-than-ideal conditions, it embodies resilience and hope, qualities deeply rooted in Irish tradition.


How the Shamrock Became a National Icon

Adoption in the 18th Century

During the 18th century, the shamrock transitioned from being a religious and folkloric symbol to a political one. It became a badge of defiance during Ireland’s struggles for independence. Rebels would wear shamrocks to display their allegiance to Irish sovereignty, risking persecution.

Modern-Day Representations

Today, the shamrock is one of the most recognized emblems of Ireland, often featured in global celebrations like St. Patrick’s Day and in representations of Irish tourism and culture. Whether through crafts, fashion, or even tattoos, the shamrock endures as a timeless symbol of Irish pride.


The Shamrock Beyond Ireland

Global Recognition

Thanks to the Irish diaspora, the shamrock has traveled far beyond the Emerald Isle. It’s celebrated in Irish communities worldwide, especially in countries like the United States, Canada, and Australia, where St. Patrick’s Day is widely observed.

Shamrocks in Art and Design

The shamrock frequently appears in art and design, symbolizing Irish heritage. From Celtic-inspired jewelry to murals in Irish pubs, its iconic shape remains a favorite motif for expressing Irish identity.

Gardening with Shamrocks

For those looking to grow their own bit of Irish heritage, shamrocks (often in the form of clover) are a hardy addition to gardens. While not exclusive to Ireland, their presence can evoke the spirit of the Emerald Isle no matter where you are.


Why the Shamrock Matters Today

In a world where symbols often lose their original meanings, the shamrock retains its depth and significance. It continues to unite people of Irish descent, spark curiosity about Irish history, and serve as a bridge between Ireland’s past and present.

As you explore the symbolism of the shamrock, consider delving deeper into Ireland’s myths, folklore, and heritage through resources like Secret Ireland. Discover stories, historical insights, and tips to connect more closely with the Irish spirit.


Takeaway

Whether you’re tracing your Irish roots, preparing for St. Patrick’s Day, or simply appreciating the rich symbolism of the shamrock, this emblem of Ireland offers a glimpse into a culture defined by resilience, unity, and faith. Let the shamrock inspire you to embrace these values and keep the legacy of Irish heritage alive!

Using the Shamrock in Celebrations and Everyday Life

The shamrock’s appeal is timeless, making it a versatile symbol in various aspects of modern life. Whether as part of festive décor or an emblem of heritage, its presence is both meaningful and iconic.

St. Patrick’s Day Festivities

The shamrock is indispensable during St. Patrick’s Day celebrations, where its bright green imagery adorns everything from parade floats to storefronts. Here are some popular ways to incorporate the shamrock into the festivities:

  • Wear it proudly: Pin a shamrock emblem to your clothing or accessorize with shamrock-themed jewelry.
  • Decorate your space: Use shamrock-shaped lights, garlands, and tableware to bring the spirit of Ireland to your celebrations.
  • Cook with the theme: Try making shamrock-shaped cookies or incorporating the motif into your desserts.

Irish-Themed Weddings and Events

For those hosting Irish-themed weddings or events, the shamrock is a meaningful addition. It symbolizes love, hope, and faith, making it a fitting element for wedding décor, invitations, and favors.

Crafts and DIY Projects

Shamrocks are a popular motif for craft enthusiasts. From handmade greeting cards to embroidery and painting projects, they are a simple yet beautiful way to express Irish pride and creativity.


Shamrocks in the Natural World

The shamrock is more than just a cultural icon; it’s also a resilient and adaptable plant. Here’s what you should know if you’re interested in growing or spotting shamrocks:

Where to Find Shamrocks

While traditionally linked to Ireland, species associated with the shamrock can thrive in many climates. Some common places to find shamrocks include:

  • Irish meadows and gardens: Especially in spring when clover species flourish.
  • Potted houseplants: Many varieties of clover or wood sorrel (sometimes mistaken for shamrocks) are sold as ornamental plants.
  • Wild landscapes: Look for their signature three-leaf pattern in grassy areas or meadows.

Growing Shamrocks at Home

If you want to cultivate your own shamrocks:

  • Choose a species like Oxalis triangularis (often called the purple shamrock) or traditional clover varieties.
  • Ensure they’re planted in well-drained soil with plenty of sunlight.
  • Water regularly but avoid overwatering, as this can harm their roots.

Deepening Your Connection to Irish Heritage

The shamrock is just one of many symbols that encapsulate the richness of Irish heritage. Exploring its cultural context can provide a deeper appreciation for Ireland’s history, folklore, and traditions.

Visit Secret Ireland to learn more about Irish symbols, history, and the country’s fascinating myths. You can also explore their Irish Immigration Category for insights into the journeys of Irish emigrants and their lasting global impact.


Final Reflections on the Shamrock

The shamrock has evolved from a simple plant into a powerful emblem of faith, luck, and Irish pride. Its enduring popularity speaks to the deep connection people feel to its symbolism and the culture it represents. Whether displayed in a garden, worn on a lapel, or celebrated in stories, the shamrock’s charm continues to unite and inspire people around the world.

As you incorporate the shamrock into your life, remember the rich history and significance behind its three leaves. Let it remind you of the beauty of Irish culture, the resilience of its people, and the universal values of hope, love, and faith.

The Luck of the Irish: Myth, Meaning, and Mystique

When people hear the phrase “the luck of the Irish,” images of rainbows, pots of gold, and shamrocks often come to mind. But where did this phrase originate? Is it rooted in historical truth or just another cliché? Let’s dive into the fascinating story behind this saying, its cultural context, and its place in Irish heritage.

To uncover more about Ireland’s rich history and traditions, explore Secret Ireland, where legends, landmarks, and lore come alive.


Origins of the Phrase “The Luck of the Irish”

Surprisingly, the phrase didn’t originate in Ireland. It gained popularity in America during the 19th century, particularly during the California Gold Rush (1848–1855). Many Irish immigrants, fleeing famine and oppression, arrived in the United States and sought their fortunes in gold mining. Some struck it rich, leading others to attribute their success to extraordinary luck rather than skill or perseverance.

Over time, this association with Irish prosperity in the gold fields gave rise to the term “the luck of the Irish.” However, some historians argue that the phrase was initially used in a sarcastic or even derogatory manner, implying that Irish success was more a fluke than earned.

Luck in Irish Folklore

Ireland is steeped in folklore that intertwines luck with its mystical landscape and legendary figures. Some of these tales have played a significant role in shaping the idea of Irish “luck”:

1. The Shamrock

The three-leafed shamrock, often associated with Saint Patrick, symbolizes faith, hope, and love. A four-leaf clover, however, is considered particularly lucky because of its rarity. Finding one is said to bring good fortune and ward off bad spirits—a belief that has endured for centuries.

2. The Leprechaun and the Pot of Gold

Leprechauns, the mischievous fairies of Irish folklore, are often associated with wealth and luck. According to legend, they hide their pots of gold at the end of rainbows, granting immense fortune to anyone clever enough to outwit them.

3. Fairy Rings

Fairy rings—circular formations of mushrooms—are found across Ireland’s lush landscapes. While stepping into one is believed to bring bad luck, carefully interacting with these magical sites is said to grant wishes or fortune.


A Deeper Look at Irish Resilience

While folklore portrays Irish luck as mystical or whimsical, the reality is far more profound. For much of its history, Ireland faced significant hardship, from colonization and famine to economic struggles and emigration. The “luck of the Irish” may actually stem from the resilience and resourcefulness of the Irish people in overcoming adversity.

Irish Emigration and Success Stories

Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, millions of Irish people emigrated to escape poverty and oppression. Despite initial prejudice and discrimination, many achieved success, particularly in America. Figures such as John F. Kennedy, an Irish-American, and great literary icons like James Joyce and Oscar Wilde, demonstrate how the Irish turned the tides of misfortune into triumph.

This resilience may have been misinterpreted as “luck” by those who underestimated the hard work, determination, and wit behind Irish successes.


Is There Something Special About Irish Luck?

Ireland’s stunning landscapes, vibrant culture, and deep-rooted spirituality create an environment where people feel connected to something greater. Whether it’s a sense of mystical energy or simply a cultural attitude of optimism and humor, there’s an undeniable charm to the Irish way of life.

Modern Interpretations of Irish Luck

In modern times, the phrase “the luck of the Irish” is often used playfully, especially around St. Patrick’s Day or when referring to Ireland’s global success in areas like sports, arts, and tourism. However, it’s worth remembering that Irish “luck” often reflects the ability to persevere, adapt, and thrive against the odds.


Ireland and Luck: A Broader Perspective

Famous Irish Symbols of Luck

  • The Claddagh Ring: Represents love, loyalty, and friendship, often given as a token of good luck.
  • Horseshoes: A tradition brought to life in rural Ireland, believed to ward off evil spirits and attract positive energy.

Irish Customs for Good Fortune

From kissing the Blarney Stone to carrying an acorn for protection, Ireland’s customs are rich with rituals meant to draw in good fortune and protect against bad luck.

Luck Beyond Borders

While “the luck of the Irish” has its roots in Irish culture, the concept of luck transcends national boundaries. Countries like China and Japan have their own symbols of fortune, such as the maneki-neko (beckoning cat) and lucky red envelopes.


Discover the Secrets of Irish Luck

Ireland’s captivating culture and history are more than just legends—they’re a testament to the enduring spirit of its people. Whether it’s the resilience behind the phrase “the luck of the Irish” or the mystical charm of a four-leaf clover, Ireland’s legacy is as rich as its rolling green hills.

To learn more about Ireland’s myths, history, and hidden gems, visit Secret Ireland. Here, you’ll uncover stories that bring this enchanting island to life.


Conclusion

“The luck of the Irish” is a phrase that carries layers of meaning. It evokes images of shamrocks, leprechauns, and folklore but also speaks to the strength, creativity, and resilience of the Irish people. Whether you view it as mystical, metaphorical, or literal, there’s no denying the charm and allure of Irish “luck.”

So next time you hear someone mention “the luck of the Irish,” take a moment to appreciate the deeper story behind the saying. It’s not just about fortune—it’s about forging ahead, no matter what challenges come your way.

Visit Secret Ireland to uncover more about Ireland’s rich heritage and the tales that have shaped its identity.

The Global Appeal of “The Luck of the Irish”

The phrase “the luck of the Irish” resonates far beyond Ireland’s shores, captivating hearts worldwide. Its appeal lies in the romanticized notion of Ireland as a mystical land where luck is woven into the fabric of life. Whether you’re Irish by birth or by spirit, the idea of Irish luck has universal charm.

Irish Diaspora and Cultural Influence

The Irish diaspora, spanning continents, has played a significant role in popularizing this phrase. With over 70 million people worldwide claiming Irish ancestry, the stories, traditions, and folklore of Ireland have become woven into the cultural fabric of nations like the United States, Canada, and Australia.

St. Patrick’s Day celebrations, where the phrase is often humorously invoked, have transformed from religious observances to global festivals of Irish pride and spirit. Events like parades in New York City or Sydney showcase the enduring influence of Irish culture.


The Science of Luck: Is It Real?

Luck might seem abstract, but scientists and psychologists have explored the phenomenon. In many ways, “luck” is a combination of mindset, preparation, and opportunity. Here’s how it ties back to the Irish spirit:

  1. Optimism and Resilience:
    The Irish are known for their sense of humor and ability to find joy even in tough circumstances. This positive outlook can lead to better decision-making and more perceived “luck.”
  2. Social Networks and Support:
    Irish communities, both historically and today, emphasize strong social bonds. These networks can provide opportunities that outsiders might see as “lucky.”
  3. Cultural Identity:
    Believing in luck can sometimes create it. When people think they’re lucky, they’re more likely to take risks or seize opportunities, increasing their chances of success.

Other Countries with “Lucky” Flags

Ireland isn’t the only country with a tricolor flag featuring green, white, and orange. Several nations share similar flags, though each represents its unique history and values:

1. India

  • The Indian tricolor has deep symbolic meaning: orange for courage, white for peace, and green for prosperity. The Ashoka Chakra, a navy-blue wheel in the center, symbolizes justice and progress.

2. Ivory Coast (Côte d’Ivoire)

  • This flag features orange, white, and green vertical stripes. Orange represents savannahs, green symbolizes hope and forests, and white stands for peace.

3. Niger

  • Niger’s flag also incorporates orange, white, and green. The orange represents the northern Sahara, the green signifies fertile lands in the south, and white stands for purity.

Though these flags share colors with the Irish flag, their meanings are deeply rooted in their respective cultures. Ireland’s tricolor, with green for Catholics, orange for Protestants, and white for peace, stands apart for its emphasis on unity amid division.


Luck as a Source of Irish Pride

For many, “the luck of the Irish” is more than just a phrase—it’s a point of pride. It’s a way to celebrate the ingenuity, warmth, and charm of Irish culture. But it also invites reflection on the resilience and tenacity that underpin the nation’s history.

So, whether you’re exploring fairy lore, looking for four-leaf clovers, or embracing a spirit of optimism, remember that Irish luck is as much about mindset as it is about magic.

For more stories, secrets, and traditions of Ireland, visit Secret Ireland. Let the legends inspire your own journey of discovery!

Louth history? Things to do in Omeath?

carlingford
(c) @ ireland and pegs cottage
The picturesque village of Omeath in County Louth is surprisingly rich in history and legend, even for Ireland! It nestles at the foot of the Cooley Mountains, looking out over Carlingford Lough to the Mourne Mountains, and is divided into ten townlands.
There’s Ardaghy where you’ll find the homestead of famous blind poet Seamus MacCuarta, also a turf bog road where you’ll see a Mass Rock, a legacy of penal times when priests were forbidden to say Mass but did so daily under penalty of death from this rock.

Omeath secrets

In summer months jarveys (drivers of jaunting cars) transport pilgrims to The Calvary to pray at the Shrine of St Jude, the patron saint of hopeless cases. Also at The Calvary is the historic Way of the Cross, the beautiful Lourdes Grotto, the image of the Divine Mercy and the Fr. Gentili Crypt and Gardens. At the fields of Bavan you’ll see where the first recorded Gaelic football match was hosted in 1750, and at Cornamucklagh you’ll find Flagstaff View, a fabulous vantage point over Carlingford Lough, the Mountains of Mourne and the Newry Canal as it meanders into Newry.

History of Omeath

Corrakit is where you’ll find the Grave of the Long Woman. Knocknagoran is at the heart of Omeath and here you’ll find coast guard cottages and a hotel built in 1840 to accommodate tourists and smugglers from Belfast to socialise and trade at the crossroads each Sunday.
Lislea holds the secrets of the last Gaelic speakers of the area. Their homesteads can still be visited here and stories heard of the flight of the Fadgies (Fruit and Fish Peddlers) from Omeath to Belfast, taking with them the Gaelic tongue that can still be heard in Belfast today.
Tullagh is a memory to the hard times of yesteryear with its Famine Bridge and Clermont Pass, a road cut out of the side of the mountain with voluntary labour during the Second World War, or ‘The Emergency’ as WWII was known in Ireland. Also in Tullagh there’s a field where shamrock never grows.

What are the strange statues on Boa Island County Fermanagh?

Boa Island Fermanagh

Situated on the island of Boa in County Fermanagh stands some of the most remarkable and mysterious stone figures in Ireland or Europe. These bizarre statutes hark back to an era of Paganism, sacrifice, and a whole host of other activities.So what exactly are these enigmatic figures that have the power to captivate the imagination?

The Janus figure

Boa Island Fermanagh

It is widely believed that these structures date from an early Christian period, perhaps from around(400-800AD).One of these figures is widely referred to as a Janus figure and this is because it has a head on either side of it.

The figure is 73cm in height and 45cm wide. Whilst the figure is reminiscent of the two headed Roman diety known as a Janus, but in spite of this resemblance, the general consensus is that the figure is not a Roman Janus.

It is believed that the figure represents a Celtic god or goddess. Some people reckon that the head represents the Goddess Babhbha who was the Celtic God of war and fertility. What supports this theory is that BOA island is named after Badhbh the Celtic goddess of war.

More evidence that supports this theory is that people of that era had no reading or writing skills but because of this lack of literacy they had phenomenal memory power, and consequently, could easily pass stories and place names down from generation to generation without the story ever changing or deviating too much.

Each side of this mysterious figure has an intricately carved face and a torso. Where the two separate faces are joined there is an interlace design that may represent hair joined as one. The faces are large, pointy, with straight noses and small mouths from which protrudes pointy chins.

Bizarrely, the figure has no neck with the head directly on its torso. There originally was another part to the figure which encompassed long fingers carved into the rock but this part of the structure broke away.

This section was recently discovered buried in the ground nearby. The east side of the figure faces sunrise and the bearded figure that is engraved within seems to be speaking.

The lustyman

lustyman

The second figure that is located at Boa was originally found at Lustymore Island but it was then relocated to Boa. Known as “The Lustyman” it was brought to Boa Island in 1939.

This figure measures in at 70cm in height and it has been extremely worn down by rain, weather and time. Some people believe that due to the deteriorated condition of “The lustyman” that the figure actually pre-dates the Janus.

Some of the theories that revolve around the structure the mythical woman Sheela na Gigs who was said to ward of evil spirits. These figures were usually placed outside homes or place of worship so to ward of any evil spirits from entering.

Relevance to the modern era?

boa island fermanagh

Perhaps in the modern world we have more in common with our pagan ancestors than we might like to think as we worship the gods of money and digital devices. As soon as we arise in the morning we bow down and genuflect in front of our TV’s, Laptops, and Ipads, and Iphones.

At least the ancient Irish only spent a few moments worshipping their Boa Statutes and then got on with the rest of their day, but nowadays, many people spend the entire day prostrate paying homage to their mobile phone.

The ancients might have saw visions of their gods and goddesses in the clouds but the image the modern man might see in the clouds would be the apparition of a mobile phone followed by a rumble of noise which would announce, “tweet, tweet, tweet, ding, ding….” Perhaps, in many ways we have managed to out-pagan the pagans?

Overall

Overall, I think that these figures at Boa Island are some of the most remarkable figures in Ireland. They truly have an ability to captivate the imagination.

Imagine the time, effort, and craftsmanship that it would have taken to carve these figures out of a huge solid block of rock. The makers of these enchanting structures must have laboured and laboured night and day to try and perfect the engravings.

The fact that the figures have managed to survive thousands of years is another testament to their enduring power. These figures meant something. They became a focal point for the communities of that era. Gatherings would have taken place at these statues.

What time of gatherings? Who knows? Many as the sun rose of set each day people would congregate at these locations to welcome the coming light of day or to ward of the spirits of the approaching night as the sun dipped into its sleep.

Maybe it was an attempt to try and put a face to some of the figures and spirits that the Celts or ancient Irish felt were all around them? Perhaps, these images could have been reflective of some common dream?

Maybe as the night approached the people would try and evoke whatever powers they felt the statutes had to try and protect the tribe? Remember this was an era were death would have been constant, people weren’t expected to survive too long.

We will never really know what these strange and unusual statutes stood for but that doesn’t stop us from guessing.

I’ll leave the last words to the great poet Seamus Heaney who was inspired to write a poem when he visited Boa Island and laid eyes on the statutes.

January God by Seamus Heaney

Then I found a two faced stone

On burial ground,

God-eyed, sex-mouthed, it’s brain

A watery wound. 

In the wet gap of the year,

Daubed with fresh lake mud,

I faltered near his power —-

January God. 

Who broke the water, the hymen

With his great antlers —-

There reigned upon each ghost tine

His familiars,

The mothering earth, the stones

Taken by each wave,

The fleshy aftergrass, the bones

Subsoil in each grave. 

Where is Irelands “City of the Dead”? What happened there?

portal dolmen

We all know about Egypt’s mysterious Valley of the Kings, were countless gold encrusted Pharaohs were placed into their tombs for eternity, but I bet you’ve never heard about Ireland’s ominous sounding “City of the dead”?

The very name“City of the dead” evokes fantastical images of some kind of Zombie apocalypse, but the place is real, zombie apocalypse aside, and it comes equipped with over 100 tombs whose time-line stretches back into the dark depths of Irish history.

The similarities with Egypt don’t end there with tomb raiders plundering the site in the 1800’s and not be outdone by the Tomb Raiders, in 1983 Sligo Council showed their “reverence and respect” for Irish culture and history by attempting to turn the site into a dump for rubbish. Luckily, some locals appealed to the Supreme Court and blocked Sligo County Councils grand designs.

The place I am referring to is Carrowmore Megalithich site near Sligo which is the largest megalithic site not only in Ireland but also one of the largest in Europe. Dating back to 4600BC it is believed that there are or were over 100 tombs or monuments located at Carrowmore.

Sadly, the area was extensively damaged in the 19th century due to quarrying and land clearance. But even though the site is much diminished from its former glories it is still an impressive capsule of history.

At Carrowmore, you can set your eyes on the remains of portal tombs, chamber tombs, portal dolmens, ring forts, and Cairns dating back thousands of years.

During excavations in 1837, each archaeological site was given a number a tag as an identifier. In more recent excavations that were conducted by Swedish archaeologists some of the items found in these tombs dated by as much as 4600BC.

Largest site

Passage tomb

The largest site at Carrowmore is a site known as Listoghill. An interesting fact is that Listoghill is the only site that has been decorated with megalithic art. Another interesting fact is that this is the only site were both burials and cremations took place.

The majority of the remains found at the location would have been cremated. All of the other tombs and passages surrounding Listoghill are arranged on a oval fashion which seems to suggest that Listoghill was the center point of worship and devotion.

The kissing stone

portal dolmen

The Kissing Stone was given it’s name during the Victorian era. Here, a capstone sits atop three upright stones and covers a large chamber which points towards the south east.

This particular Dolmen is rather tall and has lots of room within the chamber unlike some other Dolmens were there’s very little room for manoeuvre.

Fascinatingly enough, the kissing stone is surrounded by a circle of 32 boulders and each boulder measures 12.5 meters in diameter. There is also a smaller inner ring which surrounds the Dolmen.

Carrowmore 7

portal dolmen

When this tomb was cleared out, cremated bones weighing 1kg in weight were found. Some of the other finds at the site included an arrow head, limestone marble, and a piece of chert. A mass of unopened seashells were also found in a pit just outside the circle. The fact that these seashells were unopened may suggest that they were some left as some kind of offering to the gods.

The other satellite tombs

Most of the satellite tombs originally consisted of a central Dolmen stone that would have held up by a number of smaller stones. The majority of these tombs were enclosed by a boulder of circles which measured about 12 to 15 meters in diameter. One of the secrets to their longevity was because the structures were built upon a small platform and earth and stone which locked them in place.

What was discovered?

Portal Dolmen

Some of the items that were uncovered during the various excavations include antler and bone pins with mushrooms shaped heads. Archaeologists were also able to shine a light into the diet of the people who used these tombs with masses of mussels and oyster shells discovered at one site.

portal dolmen

An interesting discovery was that in most of the burials tombs fragments of Quartz were found, this suggests that Quartz had a hugely symbolic and ceremonial significance for the people who inhabited these tombs.

In the modern era, spiritualists believe that Quartz is a stone of harmony and is a help in romantic relationship. The mineral is also believed to facilitate a cleansing of the soul and mind.

Ornaments made from Sperm Whale teeth were also found in many of the graves. These findings are also suggestive of skilled fishermen and perhaps even a larger fishing fleet that hunted and caught large mammals and fish.

Each chamber contained human bone fragments and in some cases skeletons. Because cremation was the most popular method of disposing of a body the majority of the humans bones found were fragments. It appears that the chambers were also used as being a location were artefacts of significance were stored.

Data from the Carrowmore seems to overhaul the general consensus as to how passage tombs spread across the island of Ireland. Previous to the studies that were conducted at Carrowmore most historians believed that tombs spread from the east of Ireland to the west of Ireland with tombs such as Newgrange marking the beginning of the practice.

However, some of the results which were obtained at this site suggest that Carrowmore may have been one of the very first passage tomb complexes constructed in Ireland. Although, this is still open to vigorous debate.

The spread of passage tombs

The construction of megalithic tombs throughout Europe and further afield is a widespread phenomenon and many debates have opened up as to whether the spread of these tombs meant the spread of an ideology or a way of life.

Whatever the case may be there is no doubt that these tombs were a principal focus for ceremonies, burials, and celebrations as well as being markers of territory on the wider countryside.

Overall

I think its safe to say that Carrowore is one of Irelands most enigmatic and interesting mass of portal tombs in Ireland. Whilst some of the site may have been destroyed I think we owe a debt of gratitude to the local people who took the County Council to Court and prevented them from turning Carrowore into a dump for rubbish.

Whilst the behaviour of the council was and is abominable, unfortunately, this behaviour is nothing new and is another fine example of the utter contempt the Irish Government and their minions have for Irelands cultural heritage. Fortunately, a good chunk of Carrowore survives to this day and lovers history, tourists, and other visitors are still able to enjoy some of the history that lives in the place.

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What is the true history of Claddagh rings? What is their meaning?

Claddagh ring
Claddagh ring

Claddagh rings are etched into the annals of Irish history, these iconic rings are associated with romance, loyalty, love and friendship. The rings which are designed with two hands holding aloft a crown heart are widely recognised as being a symbol of Ireland and enduring love. Nowadays, these rings are widely used as fashion accessories and also as a symbolic gesture.

What do they mean?

claddagh rings

The two hands represent friendship, the heart means love, and the crown represents loyalty. The earliest known record of anyone using one of these rings dates back to the 1700’s to the Irish village of Claddagh.

The Claddagh ring is a fine example of a much broader category of rings known as faith rings or fede rings. The Italian word fede means “hands joined in fidelity.” Similar to to other variants of the ring, wearing a Claddagh ring is synonymous with with love or friendship.

The history of similar rings

The power, symbolism, and magnetism of rings goes back to the era of the ancient Egyptians who considered a circular object as being a powerful symbol deserving of reverence. The circle represented eternal life and love, and an opening carved into the circle would represent a passageway into an unknown realm or world.

It appears to have been the Romans who first introduced rings as symbols of love and friendship. The most well known ring was the fede ring, which similar to the Claddagh ring, had two hands clasped together. These fede rings were extremely popular and widely used during the Middle Ages and throughout Europe.

The widespread consensus is that the Claddagh ring originated in the small Galway village of Claddagh around the 1700s but there is much dispute as to who first made it and why they made it.

Where it all began?

claddagh ring

One legend says that an Eagle dropped a fully completed Claddagh ring straight into the lap of a woman to reward her for her hard work, generosity, and loyalty.

Another tale suggests that the origin of the ring was when a poor commoner fell in love with a wealthy lady and to prove his love to her and to her father he designed and created the Claddagh ring.

But it is the story of Richard Joyce that is most commonly associated with the Claddagh ring. Richard was a fisherman from Galway who had fallen in love with a local woman named Margaret and one day when Richard was out fishing he and his crew were captured and taken prisoner by a gang of ruthless Spanish Pirates.

During his captivity Richard grew distraught because he was going to be deprived of the woman that he loved. Eventually Richard was sold as a slave to a Spanish Goldsmith who began teaching him the trade.

To keep his spirits, alive each day, Richard would steal a small speck of gold and as the years passed by in captivity he was able to design a gold ring. His greatest dream was that one day that he might escape from his prison and present the ring to his long lost love.

In the meantime, a powerful allay of King William III heard that his fellow Christians were being held as slaves and he ordered all of these slaves to be released. When Richard was released he returned to Galway and presented his ring to his long lost love Margaret who willingly accepted him back into her arms.

Overall   

Over the years Claddagh rings gained in popularity and began to be used as wedding rings in the wider Galway area. The rings also began to be associated with poor fishing families along the Galway coast who used the rings as investments.The rings were used as family heirlooms getting passed down from generation to generation.

Claddagh rings have gained widespread use and have been worn by the rich and famous. Claddagh rings have been worn by Princess Grace of Monaco and Queen Victoria. More recently Kanye West bought his wife Kim Karashian a Claddagh ring when they visited in Ireland.

One thing is for sure, that the popularity of these iconic Irish rings seems set to continue unabated.

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The true history of Celtic Crosses in Ireland? What was the meaning of a Celtic Cross?

Celtic Cross

The Celtic Cross is a symbol that is indelible associated with Ireland. There is something mysterious and uplifting when you one looks at these iconic crosses. Like the Shamrock and the Harp the Celtic Cross could easily be mistaken as the national symbol of Ireland.

The power of these crosses and how they are linked with Ireland can be seen throughout the globe. If you were to walk into a Bar in New York, Sydney, Toronto or anywhere else In the world the chances of you setting eyes on a Celtic Cross would be very high. These iconic symbols have graced the sporting arenas of Basketball, Football, Rugby and many other sports.

Nowadays, these crosses are used as a fashion accessory and can be seen on the Cat Walks in Milan right up to the swankiest and most up market stores New York.

A Celtic Cross was used was in a famous scene in the smash hit film Gangs of New York were Priest Vallon (Liam Neeson) held one of the crosses aloft as he prepared to go into battle on the streets of New York.

In graveyards throughout Ireland Celtic Crosses dot the landscape. These structures are associated with modern day Christianity and also link back to our ancient pagan past.

Controversy has abounded as to who introduced these crosses into Ireland with many believing that Saint Patrick was instrumental in bringing them into Ireland, but other people argue that Saint Columba or Saint Declan were the main reason they were introduced to the shores of the Emerald Isle.

Why and how have these crosses become associated with Ireland?

celtic crosses

 These monuments first began appearing around the 9th century and feature a cross with a ring carved into the top of it. In the majority of cases, the cross is located on atop of a pyramidal base which is used to support the monument.

Some theories suggest that the origin of these crosses may have originated from early Christian crosses whereby struts where inserted to support the top arm of the cross but many other histories disagree with this theory.

Many of the earliest examples of crosses in Ireland are carved with inscriptions of ogham, an ancient Irish language. Some of the finest examples which can be seen in Ireland are the crosses at Monasterboice, The Cross of Kells, Arboe Cross and the Clonmacnoise Cross.

My theory is that the Celtic Cross is a fusion between our Pagan past and the Christian future that was being introduced into Ireland at the time. Celtic crosses were a union between past and present.

Our pagan ancestors understood circles and the power of them, and this was an inroad Christian missionaries used to try and convert the people to this new religion that was taking over Europe.

Circles

celtic cross

One of the earliest examples of the fusion between the past and the present can be seen at Calanais on the Isle of Lewis in Scotland. This site is not your stereotypical stone cross but actually a stone cross that is planted into the ground with a stone circle surrounding it. The Calanais site is unique in that the shape of cross is made out of a structure that looks like a stone fort.

Many people believe that the circle stands for the Roman god Invictus. And that as the Celts spread throughout Europe and eventually made their way across the edges of Europe to Ireland that this was when this circle symbol was introduced to the island of Ireland.

If one was to visit any site in Ireland associated with the megalithic period the chances are you would come across stones circles etched into boulders or larger stones.

The most well known example of this practice can be witnessed at Newgrange. These circles were associated with the life giving sun. The moon. The changing of the seasons. The circle of life. Birth death and rebirth a cotinous cirlce

Some modern day puritans of the Christian religion believe that the circle represents the halo of Jesus Christ but I feel that this is unlikely when one takes into account Irelands ancient past and the prevalence of the circles within that past.

The fact that the tip of the cross hovers over the circle may be indicative of a message that Christ reigned supreme when the pagan past and the Christian futures were fused into one.

Types of crosses

celtic cross

The earliest examples of Celtic Crosses in Ireland were not carved out of rock but were inscribed into stone. One example of this type of cross is the Gallerus Oratory in County Kerry. Here you can see a slab of stone standing upright with a Celtic cross carved into its surface.

Another superb example is the Killaghtee Cross in Dunkinelly which dates from around 650BC. At the top of the rock there is the carving of a Maltese Cross which is tied with a triple knot of Saint Brigid, which is said to represent the Holy Trinity.

In general, these crosses usually fall into three separate categories.

  • Standing stone crosses. It is believed that the original purpose of these structures was to mark the boundaries between different territories.
  • Celtic High Crosses. These crosses are usually decorated with a vast array of etchings and carvings which tell the story of Christ. One of the reasons for this was because during that era the majority of the population would have been illiterate and so it would have fell upon the local monks or Christian missionaries to explain the story of Christ.   How they explained the story was by carving various scenes from the Bible onto these rocks, locals would then gather around the cross as the Monks or Missionaries used the carvings on the cross to retell the story of Christ.
  • Celtic cross memorials. The majority of these crosses date from around 1860 when the upper classes in Irish society began to use them as markers for the graves of their loved ones. Nowadays, these crosses are ubiquitous and commonplace throughout the majority of Irish graveyards.

Celtic crosses are considered to be one of Ireland’s greatest contributions to medieval art in Europe. Whilst some of these structures are seen throughout Europe it is with Ireland that the connection runs deepest.

Overall

celtic cross

Celtic crosses are steeped in style, charisma and panache. The mystery and intrigue regarding their true origins adds a further layer of depth to their meaning and power. The fact that these ancient structures are etched with a whole host of mysterious designs enhances their power as being symbols deserving of reverence and devotion.

Their true meaning is disputed but the functions that they had in the past and present is pretty much certain: Teaching the message of Christ, being used as markers of territories, and for staging political events or gatherings.

Whilst we will never really know the true meaning of the circle in these crosses it is my belief that the most likely scenario is that the circle was used as means to help the local pagans understand the message of Christ.

The circle was used as an inroad to help the Celts or ancient Irish comprehend  this new religion that was rapidly sweeping throughout Europe.

The circle on the cross also might have helped to reassure our ancient ancestors that by embracing this new religion that they would not be completely abandoning the practices of old. This theory is backed up in how many pagan traditions such as the celebration of Halloween and the reverence of the Pagan Goddess Saint Brighid is still practised to this very day.

Overall, it is safe to say that Celtic Crosses will, as long as the world keeps turning on its axis, be forever associated, connected, and indelibly linked with the Emerald Isle.

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 Who was Grace O Malley The Irish Pirate Queen?

Grace o Malley
Grace o Malley

The province of Connaught has long been known as the “wild west” of Ireland and one of the most famous rebels who hailed from this untamed part of Ireland was the Pirate Queen known as Grace O Malley. Grace was condemned by the ruling English of the time as “a woman who hath imprudently passed the part of womanhood.

But to the Gaelic Irish Grace O Malley was known as a hero who had beaten the English in many battles that were fought on the high seas. Known as Grainne Mhaol to the natives, her exploits have passed into legend and in the modern era, she has become a symbol and icon of feminism.

A highly educated woman who was fluent in many languages included, French, Spanish, Latin, and English her personal motto was ”Terra Mariq Potens” meaning “powerful by land and sea.”

So who was this mysterious woman who managed not only to capture the high seas of Ireland but also managed to capture the hearts and minds of its people?

Early years

grace o malley

Grace was born around 1530 and was the only daughter of local Chieftain Owen O Malley who ruled much the western coast of Ireland stretching from Achill Island to Innisboffin.

The O Malleys were a powerful family who had amassed a fortune from plundering and pirating from ships that sailed along the west coast.

In order to strengthen their power, the O Malleys had built a number of formidable Castles along the western shoreline which were to serve as bases from which they could launch attacks on any vulnerable looking vessel that held treasure.

When Grace was a young girl she wanted to join her father in one of his seagoing trips but  Graces mother forbade this, saying that she was only a girl,  Grace in defiance of her mother shaved off all of her hair and when her father saw this he relented and allowed her to go on the voyage.

At the age of 15, Grace married Donal O Flaherty who ruled a Kingdom around the Connemara region. It was during this period of her life that she honed and perfected her skills in boarding ships and commandeering their loot.

When Grace was 23, Donal was killed in battle and so Grace extended her empire by inheriting Donals Castle and ships. Soon after she married another warrior and chieftain by the name of the Richard Iron Dick Burke.

Queen of the High Seas

Grace o Malley

Graces fleet has been credited with taking part in attacks along the entire Irish shoreline all the way from Donegal to the tip of Waterford. Any ships that were foolish enough to sail alongside the Irish shoreline without a vast array of military protections were immediately earmarked for attack by the Pirate Queen who greedily plundered and stole whatever loot she could get her hands on.

One day, Grace gave birth to a child when she was aboard one of her ships.  After the birth Grace retired to bed to recuperate from the stresses of the labor when a gang of Algerian Pirates attacked her Ship, upon hearing of the attack Grace arose from her bed and began to orchestrate a savage counter-attack which turned the tide of the battle. The Algerians quickly sailed away unwilling to risk any more men against the ferocious Irish Sea Queen.

In 1575,  Englishman Lord Henry Sidney visited Connaught and met  Grace O Malley and spoke of having met,  “a most feminine sea captain called Granny Imallye and offered her services onto me…..‘This was a notorious woman in all the coasts of Ireland.”

A short time after having met Lord Sidney, Grace was captured and was imprisoned for a number of years. She was eventually released in 1579 and immediately resumed her pirating activities.

A Captain Martin who was enraged with Grace plundering a large number of his ships launched an attack on Carraighahowley Castle. The Pirate Queen who was besieged in the Castle launched a number of ferocious counter-attacks that forced Captain Martin to withdraw his forces.

Observers at the time stated that,  “Martin was lucky to evade capture himself, so spirited was the defence made by the extraordinary woman.”

A fierce and determined woman who refused to accept against less than 100% during one particular battle she admonished her son for his less than courageous conduct by roaring at him, “Are you trying to hide in my arse, the place you came out of?”

On another occasion when she docked at the fishing village of Howth in order to resupply her crew she approached Howth Castle in the hope of getting some supplies but she was refused as the Lord of the Castle was eating his dinner.

Enraged by this disrespect Grace ordered her army to capture the Lords son and keep him in captivity until the Lord agreed to prepare her dinner and supplies every-time her ships docked in the harbour.

With his son’s life hanging in the balance Lord Howth agreed to this new arrangement. To this very day there is always a spare set seat set for Grace O Malley at Howth Castle.

Visit with the Queen of England

grace o malley

When Sir Richard Bingham began attacking Grace and her band of Pirates Grace decided to take matters into her own hands by traveling over to England to petition Sir Richards boss Queen Elizabeth I. When Grace was finally given her audience with the powerful Queen of England she was asked to bow down before Queen Elizabeth but the defiant Pirate Queen refused to bow as one Queen does not bow to another.

Grace explained that as she was not a subject of the Queen Elizabeth that she would under no circumstances bow. In spite of Graces proud defiance, or maybe because of it, Queen Elizabeth was quite taken with Graces company.

The two ladies began conversing in Latin and came to an aggrement whereby Graces two sons were released from imprisonment and Grace agreed that she would stop attacking and plundering English ships.

The Pirate Queen lived out the rest of her life at Rockfleet Castle, Co Mayo where she died at the ripe old age of 73 of natural causes. According to legend, her head was interned at Clare Island her childhood home. Local folklore has it that her ghostly body sets sails around the west coast in search of her head.

Overall

grace o malley

Grace O Malley was a warrior of the high seas, the Pirate Queen, mother, wife, and chieftain whose very name struck fear into the heart of her enemies.

Here was a woman who was ahead of her time, a woman who refused to be curtailed by the prejudices of her era. Whilst the true story of Grace O Malley may never been known, the very fact that her story lives to this very day is a testament to the indomitable courage and power of the woman.

I think I will leave the last words to Grace’s biographer Anne Chamber who wrote that Grace was,  “a fearless leader, by land and by sea, a political pragmatist and politician, a ruthless plunderer, a mercenary, a rebel, a shrewd and able negotiator, the protective matriarch of her family and tribe, a genuine inheritor of the Mother Goddess and Warrior Queen attributes of her remote ancestors. Above all else, she emerges as a woman who broke the mould and thereby played a unique role in history. “

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The remarkable tale of the Arthur Kavanagh the limbless yachtsman, painter, writer and MP

Arthur MacMurrough Kavanagh was born in 1831 in County Carlow with no arms, no legs, and only small stumps awkwardly protruding out where his limbs should have been.

When his mother held him in her arms for the first time she proudly raised him in the air and said, ‘Thank god this child was born to me and not anybody else.’ And so began one of the most remarkable and unlikely stories in Irish history.

In one sense, Kavanagh was fortunate to be born into an ancient Irish family whose lineage stretched all the way back to the Kings Of Leinster.

His mother a formidable woman, Lady Harriet, undeterred by her son’s grave physical disabilities quickly set to work to ensure that Arthur would receive all of the opportunities that life could afford him.

Arthur was placed into the care of the much-respected Doctor Francis Boxwel who was tasked with ensuring that Arthur would not be defined by his grave physical disabilities but my his indomitable determination and courage.

In order to toughen the young Arthur up, Lady Harriet would place toys out of the reach of young boy and would ignore the boy’s cry as he pleaded with her to take the toys to him. Over time Arthur learned to wiggle his way over to the toys and get them himself.

He also was forced to take exercises that eventually resulted in the stumps in his arms becoming so nimble and skillful that these stumps could almost be mistaken for fingers.

 At the tender age of three, Arthur learned how to ride a Horse whilst seated in a specially commissioned saddle. He managed to direct the horses reigns by using the stumps of his arms. Over time, he also learned to how to fish, go hunting, paint pictures and write stories.

The exercises he partook in allowed him to strengthened the stumps to such an extent that he could hold a pistol and grip and thrust a sword. When he was reading Arthur would turn the pages with his teeth and would use the stump of his arms to write with the pen.

 His mother also arranged for makeshift stilts for him to walk on. Arthur managed to walk short distances on these stilts and then hop and jump to whatever other location he wanted to go to.

 Adulthood

As Kavanagh slowly matured into a man he began to develop an insatiable appetite for women. He secretly embarked on many affairs with women in the Carlow region who couldn’t resist his romantic advances. When his mother discovered that her limbless son had turned into a right little lothario she immediately ejected him from the family estate.

 It was around this time that a wanderlust seized Arthur and he and his brother began an epic worldwide journey which passed through Scandinavia, Asia, Iran, Pakistan and India.

Arthur relished his time on the open road and took to womanizing and drinking on a prodigious scale. When word reached Lady Harriet that Arthur had been frequenting Brothels, Kavanagh’s mother withdrew his allowance. Undeterred by this turn of events, Kavanagh got a job as a dispatch rider which allowed him to finance his nocturnal activities.

In 1851, Kavanaghs brother died and so Arthur became the sole air to his family’s estate. Putting to good use some of the economic practices he learned whilst travelling the globe, Kavanagh boosted the local economy by building a sawmill and investing in local railways.

This ensured that local farmers and peasants had a means to earn a living and feed their families. Whilst many landlords of that era were notorious for their brutal evictions Kavanagh always sought to ensure that his tenants would never go hungry. During the great famine, the Kavanaghs rather than evict their starving tenants fed and nourished them.

Politics

Kavanagh was a unionist who despised the class divisions that had arisen between Catholics and Protestants. His desire for change saw him become an elected MP of the British Parliament for the Wexford. When he was elected as MP a local newspaper wrote an article on him,

 “On Monday, Mr. Arthur Kavanagh was elected member for Wexford county………Mr. Kavanagh is descended from an ancient Irish family….but it was his misfortune to be born without feet or hands-indeed he has but very short stumps in the place of either of his four limbs.

He has a handsome face and robust body, with what is still more to the purpose, he has a quick and powerful mind, which has enabled him in a most wonderful manner to triumph over his sad physical disadvantages. He writes beautifully with his pen in his mouth, he is a good shot, a fair draftsman, and a dashing huntsman.

He sits on horseback in a kind of saddle basket, and rides with great fearlessness. He lately wrote and published a lively and smart book called “The Cruise of the Eva.” He has married a lady of beauty, and has a large family of handsome children. He will make a sensation in the House of Commons.”

In that era were getting to Parliament would have been an arduous task which meant taking five hour journeys via train and then boarding a steamer which would have taken another five hours. Arthur sidestepped all of these issues by learning how to sail his own Yacht which he moored right beside the Houses of Parliament.

During his time in Parliament he was a staunch supporter of the Land Act which afforded Irish farmers more protections and enabled them to purchase the land which they lived on.

Arthur MacMurrough Kavanagh died of pneumonia in 1889 and thus ended one of the most extraordinary tales in Irish history.

Overall

 It’s safe to say that in spite of all of the obstacles put in front of him Arthur MacMurrough Kavanagh led a remarkable life. Here was someone who was born with no arms and no legs but someone who still learned how to walk, write, paint, ride horses, sail yachts and become an elected MP.

Every conceivable physical disadvantage was put in front of Kavanagh but he still managed to transcend these disadvantages by ingenuity, creative thinking, and dogged determination. His is a tale that is a testament to the limitless human spirit that can thrive and succeed even in the direst of circumstances.

 Now, what’s your excuse?

Why did the Saint Patrick’s Battalion change sides and fight for Mexico?

saint patricks brigade mexico

The story of how an Irish Battalion defected to the Mexican Army during the Mexican American war is a story of courage, a story of right and wrong, a story of men who answered the call of their conscience.

Known as the Saint Patricks Battalion or in Mexican as the San Patricios, the men mostly made up of Irish immigrants decided to down tools and switch sides during the brutal conflict that took place in 1846-1848.

Every year, on the September the 12th, Mexicans gather to honor the men of Los San Patricios. Flowers are placed close to a marble plaque where a list of engraved names are read. A Mexican band plays both the Irish and Mexican national anthems in honour of the sacrifices that the Irish brigade endured during the conflict.

On the 12th of September 1997 Mexican President Ernesto Zedillo paid tribute to the special sacrifice of these men where he stated in his speech:

“One hundred and fifty years ago, here in San Ángel, … members of the St. Patricks Battalion were executed for following their consciences. They were martyred for adhering to the highest ideals, and today we honor their memory. In the name of the people of Mexico, I salute today the people of Ireland and express my eternal gratitude.” The president finished by, saying: “While we honor the memory of the Irish who gave their lives for Mexico and for human dignity, we also honor our own commitment to cherish their ideals, and to always defend the values for which they occupy a place of honor in our history.”

Why they deserted

San-Patricios

There are a number of theories that abound as to why the men switched sides.  The most common theory is that the men were subject to widespread anti catholic and anti Irish sentiment in the US Army.

And that by coming from a small impoverished land that had been continually battered, bruised, and bullied by a bigger neighbour that these Irishmen saw common cause with the Mexicans in their fight against US imperialism.

The Irish soldiers where also denied the rights to to practice their religious beliefs and where routinely flogged and beaten for any minor indiscretion, leading to simmering resentment festering against those in power. It was said that Mexicans Generals who where watching from afar noticed the ill content amongst the US Army and offered any deserters land and money for switching sides. This story may have been made up by the US authorities in an attempt to blacken the name of the San Patricos.

Another story goes that Irish catholic conscripts heard the church bells ringing in a nearby Mexican church and decided to down tools and practice their catholic faith in defiance of their commanders in the US army. Over time they built up a relationship with some of the Mexicans and found that they had much more in common with the impoverished Mexicans than they had with the greedy land hungry American army.

Another thing that must have played some part in the minds of the Irishmen was that Mexico had abolished slavery, and that the unconscionable and widespread use of slaves by the United States must have been abhorrent to an embattled and abused race like the Irish. Whatever the real story is, soldiers began to desert in droves to fight for the Mexicans.

The leader

Saint Patricks brigade mexico

The deserters where led by a man from Clifden in Co Galway, Captain John Riley. In 1846, Reilly began organising an artillery unit which was mostly comprised of Irish Catholics. This unit formed the nucleus of the San Patricios brigade.

A number of months after the creation of the unit over 200 soldiers formed part of it, which was enough to form a battalion and two companies. Some historians reckon that at the battalions peak there were over 700 men who part of the San Patricos.

Whilst the majority of the battalion was made up of Irishmen there were other volunteers of European descent. The Galway man set about forging a distinctly Irish identity to the battalion by commissioning a green flag with an image of Saint Patrick on one side and a harp and a shamrock on the other.

O Reilly when asked about what he thought of the charcater of the Mexicans stated that, “Do not be deceived by the prejudice of a nation at war with Mexico, because you will not find in all the world a people more friendly and hospitable than the Mexicans.”

Battles

saint patricks brigade mexico

The San Patricos where responsible for some the most ferocious resistance experienced by the US army during their invasion of Mexico.

At the Battle of Buena Vista, the Saint Patrick’s Battalion fought with real courage with the unit being instrumental in the capture of a large number of American Cannon. Eye witnesses described the ground held by the Patricos as, “ a strong Mexican battery….moved….by dint of their extraordinary exertions….that commanded the entire plateau.”

At one stage during the battle, The commander of the US forces General Zachary shouted in frustration at his troops, “to take that damned battery” but on that particular occasion the assault failed. Ultimately, the Mexican army were forced to retreat with the Irish contingent covering their withdrawal with ferocious tenacity.

Even though the heavily out-gunned Mexicans lost the battle the bravery of the Irishmen was acknowledged by the Mexican General Mejia who wrote in his battle report that the San Patricos where “worthy of the most consummate praise because the men fought with daring bravery.”

A number of the Irishmen where awarded the Mexican medal of honour “The War Cross” for their heroism in the heat of the battle.

But it was at the Battle of Chrubusco where the San Patricos passed into legend. In this engagement witnesses from both the US and Mexican sides stated that the unit had, “fought like demons.”

During the heat of the battle, as ammunition began to run out, the Mexican army tried to raise the flag of surrender but Officer Patrick Dalton tore down the white flag. Members of the Irish Battalion urged the men, if necessary, to fight on with bare hands.

When the Mexicans attempted to raise the white flag two more times members of the San Patricos shot and killed them. Some brutal hand to hand fighting ensued with bayonets and swords being the order of the day.

The legendary Irish brigade only surrendered when they ran out of every last piece of ammunition and weaponry and were completely surrounded by the US Army. The great American General Ulysses S Grant stated that it was “the severest battle fought in the valley of Mexico.” The Irish Battalion lost over 60% of their men in the engagement and the rest were taken prisoner.

The execution

saint patricks brigade

And so, just after down on September 10th, 1847, the villagers of San Angel a small on the outskirts of Mexico City, awoke to the sound of carts rustling into the center of the village. Inside the carts where members of the Patrick’s Battalion who where chained and bond and guarded by members of the United States army.

The carts drew to a halt beside specially constructed gallows which had been erected in the center of the village. The gallows consisted of 40 foot long beams,in which 16 nooses dangled in the Mexican air. Five Catholic Priests who were present at the time began to hear the prisoners confessions and administered the last rites.

The nooses where then placed around the necks of the prisoners and the order was given to drive the carts forward, whereby some of the prisoners fell to their deaths. Other captives where not so fortunate as they dangled in the air slowly choking to death.

A number of days after the executions at San Angel another thirty San Patricos where hanged at the village of Mixcoac. Anyone who escaped the hangman’s noose was branded and scared with a D on their face with a hot iron. The D identified them as deserters from the US army. Reilly was one of the fortunate ones to avoid the hangman’s noose.

One of the reasons for this, in spite of being instrumental in the formation of the Battalion, was because O Reilly had deserted from the US army before the war had actually began. Reillys punishment was to be branded with the D on his cheek. In all, over 50 members of the Saint Patrick Battalion were hanged, the largest mass execution in US history.

Side note

It’s also an interesting fact that the Irish have a well established history of fighting for other nations throughout Europe and the world.  In the 16th and 17th Century many Irishmen fought for the Spanish army during the continental wars, these soldiers became known as the “Wild Geese”.

Irish soldiers have also played a significant part in many South American wars for independence. During the Boer war many Irish soldiers deserted the British Army and took up arms to fight for the Boers.

Overall

The tale of the Saint Patricks battalion is a tale of people rising up against widespread discrimination and prejudice. These human beings where brutalised and discriminated against in their famine stricken homelands, and when they immigrated to another country for a better life, they were once more on the receiving end of hatred and abuse.

It seems that the members of San Patricos had enough of being treated like the refuse of the world and decided that they would rather die fighting for the Nobel cause of freedom than for the cause of imperialism, colonialism, and oppression.In the eyes of any right thinking man the San Patricos where and are heroes to the underdog standing up against impossible odds.

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